1# BDI RDF Examples
2 
3Complete RDF/Turtle examples for BDI mental state modeling.
4 
5## Complete Cognitive Workflow
6 
7```turtle
8@prefix bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/> .
9@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
10@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
11@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
12 
13# ============================================================
14# PHASE 1: World State Perception
15# ============================================================
16 
17ex:WorldState_traffic a bdi:WorldState ;
18    rdfs:comment "Heavy traffic on Route 101" ;
19    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:30:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
20    bdi:isPerceivedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
21    bdi:triggers ex:BeliefProcess_assess_traffic .
22 
23# ============================================================
24# PHASE 2: Belief Formation
25# ============================================================
26 
27ex:BeliefProcess_assess_traffic a bdi:BeliefProcess ;
28    bdi:generates ex:Belief_traffic_delay ;
29    bdi:reasonsUpon ex:WorldState_traffic ;
30    bdi:isProcessedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
31    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:31:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
32 
33ex:Belief_traffic_delay a bdi:Belief ;
34    rdfs:label "Traffic will cause 30-minute delay" ;
35    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_traffic ;
36    bdi:hasValidity ex:TimeInterval_morning_commute ;
37    bdi:hasPart ex:Belief_route_congested , ex:Belief_delay_duration ;
38    bdi:isJustifiedBy ex:Justification_traffic_report ;
39    bdi:motivates ex:Desire_arrive_on_time .
40 
41ex:Belief_route_congested a bdi:Belief ;
42    rdfs:comment "Route 101 is congested" .
43 
44ex:Belief_delay_duration a bdi:Belief ;
45    rdfs:comment "Delay estimated at 30 minutes" .
46 
47ex:Justification_traffic_report a bdi:Justification ;
48    rdfs:label "Real-time traffic data from navigation system" ;
49    bdi:justifies ex:Belief_traffic_delay .
50 
51# ============================================================
52# PHASE 3: Desire Formation
53# ============================================================
54 
55ex:DesireProcess_plan_arrival a bdi:DesireProcess ;
56    bdi:generates ex:Desire_arrive_on_time ;
57    bdi:reasonsUpon ex:Belief_traffic_delay ;
58    bdi:isProcessedBy ex:Agent_commuter .
59 
60ex:Desire_arrive_on_time a bdi:Desire ;
61    rdfs:label "I desire to arrive at work on time" ;
62    bdi:isMotivatedBy ex:Belief_traffic_delay ;
63    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_on_time_arrival .
64 
65# ============================================================
66# PHASE 4: Intention Commitment
67# ============================================================
68 
69ex:IntentionProcess_commit_route a bdi:IntentionProcess ;
70    bdi:generates ex:Intention_take_alternate_route ;
71    bdi:reasonsUpon ex:Desire_arrive_on_time ;
72    bdi:isProcessedBy ex:Agent_commuter .
73 
74ex:Intention_take_alternate_route a bdi:Intention ;
75    rdfs:label "I will take alternate route via Highway 280" ;
76    bdi:fulfils ex:Desire_arrive_on_time ;
77    bdi:isSupportedBy ex:Belief_traffic_delay ;
78    bdi:specifies ex:Plan_alternate_commute ;
79    bdi:isJustifiedBy ex:Justification_time_optimization .
80 
81ex:Justification_time_optimization a bdi:Justification ;
82    rdfs:label "Alternate route saves 20 minutes based on current conditions" ;
83    bdi:justifies ex:Intention_take_alternate_route .
84 
85# ============================================================
86# PHASE 5: Planning
87# ============================================================
88 
89ex:Planning_route_selection a bdi:Planning ;
90    bdi:reasonsUpon ex:Intention_take_alternate_route ;
91    bdi:defines ex:Plan_alternate_commute ;
92    bdi:atTime ex:TimeInterval_planning_phase .
93 
94ex:Plan_alternate_commute a bdi:Plan ;
95    rdfs:label "Alternate commute via Highway 280" ;
96    bdi:addresses ex:Goal_arrive_by_9am ;
97    bdi:beginsWith ex:Task_exit_Route101 ;
98    bdi:endsWith ex:Task_arrive_parking ;
99    bdi:hasComponent ex:Task_exit_Route101 , ex:Task_merge_280 , 
100                     ex:Task_navigate_280 , ex:Task_arrive_parking .
101 
102ex:Task_exit_Route101 a bdi:Task ;
103    rdfs:label "Exit Route 101 at Whipple Ave" ;
104    bdi:precedes ex:Task_merge_280 .
105 
106ex:Task_merge_280 a bdi:Task ;
107    rdfs:label "Merge onto Highway 280 North" ;
108    bdi:precedes ex:Task_navigate_280 .
109 
110ex:Task_navigate_280 a bdi:Task ;
111    rdfs:label "Continue on Highway 280 for 8 miles" ;
112    bdi:precedes ex:Task_arrive_parking .
113 
114ex:Task_arrive_parking a bdi:Task ;
115    rdfs:label "Arrive at office parking garage" .
116 
117ex:Goal_arrive_by_9am a bdi:Goal ;
118    rdfs:label "Arrive at work by 9:00 AM" .
119 
120# ============================================================
121# PHASE 6: Plan Execution
122# ============================================================
123 
124ex:PlanExecution_commute a bdi:PlanExecution ;
125    bdi:satisfies ex:Plan_alternate_commute ;
126    bdi:addresses ex:Goal_arrive_by_9am ;
127    bdi:isExecutedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
128    bdi:hasComponent ex:Action_exit , ex:Action_merge , 
129                     ex:Action_drive_280 , ex:Action_park ;
130    bdi:atTime ex:TimeInterval_execution ;
131    bdi:bringsAbout ex:WorldState_arrived_on_time .
132 
133ex:Action_exit a bdi:Action ;
134    bdi:isExecutionOf ex:Task_exit_Route101 ;
135    bdi:isPerformedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
136    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:35:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
137 
138ex:Action_merge a bdi:Action ;
139    bdi:isExecutionOf ex:Task_merge_280 ;
140    bdi:isPerformedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
141    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:37:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
142 
143ex:Action_drive_280 a bdi:Action ;
144    bdi:isExecutionOf ex:Task_navigate_280 ;
145    bdi:isPerformedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
146    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:40:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
147 
148ex:Action_park a bdi:Action ;
149    bdi:isExecutionOf ex:Task_arrive_parking ;
150    bdi:isPerformedBy ex:Agent_commuter ;
151    bdi:bringsAbout ex:WorldState_arrived_on_time ;
152    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:52:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
153 
154# ============================================================
155# PHASE 7: Resulting World State
156# ============================================================
157 
158ex:WorldState_arrived_on_time a bdi:WorldState ;
159    rdfs:comment "Agent arrived at work at 8:52 AM" ;
160    bdi:atTime "2026-01-04T08:52:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
161 
162# ============================================================
163# TEMPORAL INTERVALS
164# ============================================================
165 
166ex:TimeInterval_morning_commute a bdi:TimeInterval ;
167    bdi:hasStartTime "2026-01-04T08:30:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
168    bdi:hasEndTime "2026-01-04T09:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
169 
170ex:TimeInterval_planning_phase a bdi:TimeInterval ;
171    bdi:hasStartTime "2026-01-04T08:31:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
172    bdi:hasEndTime "2026-01-04T08:34:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
173 
174ex:TimeInterval_execution a bdi:TimeInterval ;
175    bdi:hasStartTime "2026-01-04T08:35:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
176    bdi:hasEndTime "2026-01-04T08:52:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
177```
178 
179## Multi-Agent Coordination Example
180 
181```turtle
182@prefix bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/> .
183@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
184@prefix fipa: <http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00061/> .
185 
186# Shared belief about project deadline
187ex:Agent_developer a bdi:Agent ;
188    bdi:hasMentalState ex:Belief_deadline_friday .
189 
190ex:Agent_manager a bdi:Agent ;
191    bdi:hasMentalState ex:Belief_deadline_friday .
192 
193ex:Belief_deadline_friday a bdi:Belief ;
194    rdfs:label "Project deadline is Friday 5 PM" ;
195    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_deadline ;
196    bdi:hasValidity ex:TimeInterval_project_week .
197 
198ex:WorldState_deadline a bdi:WorldState ;
199    rdfs:comment "Project XYZ must be delivered by 2026-01-10T17:00:00" .
200 
201# Agent-specific mental states
202ex:Agent_developer 
203    bdi:hasDesire ex:Desire_complete_coding ;
204    bdi:hasIntention ex:Intention_implement_features .
205 
206ex:Desire_complete_coding a bdi:Desire ;
207    rdfs:label "Complete feature implementation" ;
208    bdi:isMotivatedBy ex:Belief_deadline_friday .
209 
210ex:Intention_implement_features a bdi:Intention ;
211    rdfs:label "Implement features A, B, and C" ;
212    bdi:fulfils ex:Desire_complete_coding ;
213    bdi:specifies ex:Plan_development .
214 
215ex:Agent_manager 
216    bdi:hasDesire ex:Desire_ensure_delivery ;
217    bdi:hasIntention ex:Intention_coordinate_team .
218 
219ex:Desire_ensure_delivery a bdi:Desire ;
220    rdfs:label "Ensure on-time project delivery" ;
221    bdi:isMotivatedBy ex:Belief_deadline_friday .
222 
223ex:Intention_coordinate_team a bdi:Intention ;
224    rdfs:label "Coordinate team activities" ;
225    bdi:fulfils ex:Desire_ensure_delivery ;
226    bdi:specifies ex:Plan_project_management .
227 
228# FIPA communication
229ex:Message_M1 a fipa:ACLMessage ;
230    fipa:sender ex:Agent_manager ;
231    fipa:receiver ex:Agent_developer ;
232    fipa:content ex:Belief_deadline_friday ;
233    fipa:performative fipa:inform .
234```
235 
236## Conflict Resolution Example
237 
238```turtle
239@prefix bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/> .
240@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
241 
242# Conflicting location beliefs
243ex:Belief_at_home a bdi:Belief ;
244    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_home ;
245    rdfs:comment "Agent is currently at home" .
246 
247ex:Belief_at_office a bdi:Belief ;
248    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_office ;
249    rdfs:comment "Agent is at office" .
250 
251# Conflicting intentions
252ex:Intention_work_from_home a bdi:Intention ;
253    bdi:isSupportedBy ex:Belief_at_home ;
254    rdfs:label "Work from home today" .
255 
256ex:Intention_attend_meeting a bdi:Intention ;
257    bdi:isSupportedBy ex:Belief_at_office ;
258    rdfs:label "Attend in-person meeting" .
259 
260# Justification for conflict resolution
261ex:Justification_location_conflict a bdi:Justification ;
262    rdfs:comment "Cannot simultaneously be at home and office" ;
263    bdi:justifies ex:Intention_resolution .
264 
265# Resolved intention
266ex:Intention_resolution a bdi:Intention ;
267    rdfs:label "Attend meeting via video call from home" ;
268    bdi:fulfils ex:Desire_meeting_participation ;
269    bdi:isSupportedBy ex:Belief_at_home ;
270    bdi:isJustifiedBy ex:Justification_location_conflict .
271```
272 
273## T2B2T Payment Processing Example
274 
275```turtle
276@prefix bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/> .
277@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
278@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
279 
280# PHASE 1: Triples-to-Beliefs (External RDF → Internal Mental State)
281 
282ex:WorldState_notification a bdi:WorldState ;
283    rdfs:comment "Push notification: Ghadeh requested $250 via Zelle" ;
284    bdi:atTime "2025-10-27T10:15:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
285    bdi:triggers ex:BeliefProcess_BP1 .
286 
287ex:BeliefProcess_BP1 a bdi:BeliefProcess ;
288    bdi:generates ex:Belief_payment_request ;
289    bdi:isProcessedBy ex:Agent_A .
290 
291ex:Belief_payment_request a bdi:Belief ;
292    rdfs:label "Ghadeh requested $250" ;
293    bdi:refersTo ex:WorldState_notification ;
294    bdi:motivates ex:Desire_pay_Ghadeh .
295 
296ex:Desire_pay_Ghadeh a bdi:Desire ;
297    rdfs:label "Pay Ghadeh $250" ;
298    bdi:isMotivatedBy ex:Belief_payment_request .
299 
300ex:Intention_I1 a bdi:Intention ;
301    rdfs:label "Pay Ghadeh $250" ;
302    bdi:fulfils ex:Desire_pay_Ghadeh ;
303    bdi:specifies ex:Plan_payment .
304 
305# PHASE 2: Beliefs-to-Triples (Mental State → External RDF)
306 
307ex:PlanExecution_PE1 a bdi:PlanExecution ;
308    bdi:satisfies ex:Plan_payment ;
309    bdi:bringsAbout ex:WorldState_payment_complete .
310 
311ex:WorldState_payment_complete a bdi:WorldState ;
312    rdfs:comment "Payment of $250 sent to Ghadeh via Zelle" ;
313    bdi:atTime "2025-10-27T10:20:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
314```
315 
316